The forgetting curve is a concept that illustrates how information fades from memory over time. Initially, we forget rapidly, but the rate of forgetting slows down as time passes. Without reinforcement, most new information is lost within hours or days. However, reviewing material at strategic intervals can slow down this decline, helping to retain knowledge for longer periods.
The image above indicates how fast information fades from our memory without reinforcement. Source - Wikipedia
How Spaced Repetition Works
The spacing effect suggests that memory retention improves when learning is spaced out over time. Instead of cramming, periodic reviews strengthen long-term memory by taking advantage of the brain's ability to retain information when revisited. Spaced repetition systems use algorithms to adjust review schedules based on recall, with longer intervals for easy material and shorter ones for harder content. This optimizes retention and minimizes unnecessary review.
Active recall is a technique where learners actively stimulate their memory, unlike passive methods like rereading. This strengthens neural connections and improves retention. Combining active recall with spaced repetition creates an effective study method: active recall reinforces memory retrieval, while spaced repetition optimizes review timing. Flashcards are effective for active recall as they challenge users to retrieve information, identify knowledge gaps, and focus on weaker areas, ultimately building confidence and mastery.
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The image above indicates how fast information fades from our memory without reinforcement. Source - Wikipedia
Source - Dan Pilat & Dr. Sekoul Krastev